###########################
Extending the CMS: Examples
###########################

From this point onwards, this tutorial assumes you have done the
`Django Tutorial`_ and will show you how to integrate the tutorial's poll app into the
django CMS. Hereafter, if a poll app is mentioned, we are referring to the one you get
after completing the `Django Tutorial`_. 
Also, make sure the poll app is in your :setting:`django:INSTALLED_APPS`.

We assume your main ``urls.py`` looks something like this::

    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

    from django.contrib import admin
    admin.autodiscover()

    urlpatterns = patterns('',
        (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
        (r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')),
        (r'^', include('cms.urls')),
    )

***************
My First Plugin
***************

A Plugin is a small bit of content you can place on your pages.

The Model
=========

For our polling app we would like to have a small poll plugin which shows a
poll and let's the user vote.

In your poll application's ``models.py`` add the following::

    from cms.models import CMSPlugin
    
    class PollPlugin(CMSPlugin):
        poll = models.ForeignKey('polls.Poll', related_name='plugins')
        
        def __unicode__(self):
          return self.poll.question


.. note::

    django CMS plugins must inherit from :class:`cms.models.CMSPlugin`
    (or a subclass thereof) and not
    :class:`models.Model <django.db.models.Model>`.

Run ``manage.py syncdb`` to create the database tables for this model or see
:doc:`../getting_started/using_south` to see how to do it using `South`_


The Plugin Class
================

Now create a file ``cms_plugins.py`` in the same folder your ``models.py`` is
in. After having followed the `Django Tutorial`_ and adding this file your polls
app folder should look like this::

    polls/
        __init__.py
        cms_plugins.py
        models.py
        tests.py
        views.py 


The plugin class is responsible for providing the django CMS with the necessary
information to render your Plugin.

For our poll plugin, write following plugin class::

    from cms.plugin_base import CMSPluginBase
    from cms.plugin_pool import plugin_pool
    from polls.models import PollPlugin as PollPluginModel
    from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
    
    class PollPlugin(CMSPluginBase):
        model = PollPluginModel # Model where data about this plugin is saved
        name = _("Poll Plugin") # Name of the plugin
        render_template = "polls/plugin.html" # template to render the plugin with
    
        def render(self, context, instance, placeholder):
            context.update({'instance':instance})
            return context
    
    plugin_pool.register_plugin(PollPlugin) # register the plugin

.. note::

    All plugin classes must inherit from 
    :class:`cms.plugin_base.CMSPluginBase` and must register themselves
    with the :data:`cms.plugin_pool.plugin_pool`.


The Template
============

You probably noticed the
:attr:`render_template <cms.plugin_base.CMSPluginBase.render_template>`
attribute in the above plugin class. In order for our plugin to work, that template must
exist and is responsible for rendering the plugin.


The template should look something like this:

.. code-block:: html+django

    <h1>{{ instance.poll.question }}</h1>
    
    <form action="{% url polls.views.vote instance.poll.id %}" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for choice in instance.poll.choice_set.all %}
        <input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}" />
        <label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice }}</label><br />
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="Vote" />
    </form>


.. note::

    We don't show the errors here, because when submitting the form you're
    taken off this page to the actual voting page.

**********************
My First App (apphook)
**********************

Right now, external apps are statically hooked into the main ``urls.py``. This
is not the preferred approach in the django CMS. Ideally you attach your apps to CMS
pages.

For that purpose you write a :class:`CMSApp <cms.app_base.CMSApp>`. That is
just a small class telling the CMS how to include that app.

CMS Apps live in a file called ``cms_app.py``, so go ahead and create it to
make your polls app look like this::

    polls/
        __init__.py
        cms_app.py
        cms_plugins.py
        models.py
        tests.py
        views.py 

In this file, write::

    from cms.app_base import CMSApp
    from cms.apphook_pool import apphook_pool
    from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
    
    class PollsApp(CMSApp):
        name = _("Poll App") # give your app a name, this is required
        urls = ["polls.urls"] # link your app to url configuration(s)
        
    apphook_pool.register(PollsApp) # register your app
    
Now remove the inclusion of the polls urls in your main ``urls.py`` so it looks
like this::

    from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

    from django.contrib import admin
    admin.autodiscover()

    urlpatterns = patterns('',
        (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
        (r'^', include('cms.urls')),
    )


Now open your admin in your browser and edit a CMS Page. Open the 'Advanced
Settings' tab and choose 'Polls App' for your 'Application'.

|apphooks|

.. |apphooks| image:: ../images/cmsapphook.png

Unfortunately, for these changes to take effect, you will have to restart
your server. So do that and afterwards if you navigate to that CMS Page, you will see
your polls application.

*************
My First Menu
*************

Now you might have noticed that the menu tree stops at the CMS Page you created
in the last step. So let's create a menu that shows a node for each poll you
have active.

For this we need a file called ``menu.py``. Create it and ensure your polls app
looks like this::

    polls/
        __init__.py
        cms_app.py
        cms_plugins.py
        menu.py
        models.py
        tests.py
        views.py


In your ``menu.py`` write::

    from cms.menu_bases import CMSAttachMenu
    from menus.base import Menu, NavigationNode
    from menus.menu_pool import menu_pool
    from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
    from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
    from polls.models import Poll
    
    class PollsMenu(CMSAttachMenu):
        name = _("Polls Menu") # give the menu a name, this is required.
        
        def get_nodes(self, request):
            """
            This method is used to build the menu tree.
            """
            nodes = []
            for poll in Poll.objects.all():
                # the menu tree consists of NavigationNode instances
                # Each NavigationNode takes a label as its first argument, a URL as
                # its second argument and a (for this tree) unique id as its third
                # argument.
                node = NavigationNode(
                    poll.question,
                    reverse('polls.views.detail', args=(poll.pk,)),
                    poll.pk
                )
                nodes.append(node)
            return nodes
    menu_pool.register_menu(PollsMenu) # register the menu.


At this point this menu alone doesn't do a whole lot. We have to attach it to the
Apphook first.

So open your ``cms_apps.py`` and write::

    from cms.app_base import CMSApp
    from cms.apphook_pool import apphook_pool
    from polls.menu import PollsMenu
    from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
    
    class PollsApp(CMSApp):
        name = _("Poll App")
        urls = ["polls.urls"]
        menus = [PollsMenu] # attach a CMSAttachMenu to this apphook.
        
    apphook_pool.register(PollsApp)


.. _Django Tutorial: http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.2/intro/tutorial01/

.. _Python: http://www.python.org
.. _Django: http://www.djangoproject.com
.. _pip: http://pip.openplans.org/
.. _PIL: http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/
.. _South: http://south.aeracode.org/
.. _django-classy-tags: https://github.com/ojii/django-classy-tags